Sindhi feudal lord Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto who was foreign minister in Cabinet of military dictator field marshal Ayub Khan in cold war era after 1965 war with India quit Ayub cabinet and in 30 December 1967, formed progressive pro Islamic socialist party, Pakistan People Party.
After Gribltar operation which was a cause of indo-Pak war and Indian retaliation and attack on Pakistani soil and functional inequality and Tashkent declaration forced military dictator to step down and transferred power to another military dictator Yahiya Khan.
Genius and shrewd Sindhi ethnic back ground politician Zulifqar Ali Bhutto in cold war era emerged as a popular leader among poor masses of the country especially in rural areas and in urban areas among educated left inclination youths, labour class and peasantry.
Zulifqar Ali Bhutto was emerged as an anti imperialist leader and a new hope for labours and poor people of the country and he founded party on the slogan of Bred Clothing and Shelter and in 1970 election in West Pakistan, masses rejected Jamat-e-Islami and pro establishment political parties , in Sindh and Punjab provinces PPP emerged as winning party .
He was most gifted political leader in history of Pakistan that the country had ever produced and he had authority on world political history and beside Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and other prominent pre partition Sindhi political leaders , after post partition Bhutto was brilliant Sindhi politician never produced in history of Pakistan .
Sindh has history of producing brilliant politicians, poets, lawyers not warriors like other provinces of Pakistan who strengthen Pakistan integrity despite Sindh received coffins of their beloved political leaders.
The Awami League emerged as the single largest party in the National Assembly by winning a majority with 160 seats, and also won 288 of the 300 East Pakistan Assembly seats in the provincial elections that were held simultaneously there. The Pakistan People’s Party dominated in West Pakistan, winning 81 of 138 the seats there.
The more conservative parties performed poorly, possibly due to the number of conservative candidates competing with each other in most constituencies. In total the PML (Qayyum), PML (Council), PML (Convention), Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, Jamiyat Ulema-e-Pakistan and Jamaat-e-Islami won only 37 National Assembly seats. Powerful western Pakistani politicians , elites and security establishment refused to hand over power to Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rahman who emerged as a winning leader in East Pakistan and after bloody civilian war and Indian intervention Pakistan lost its eastern wing. .
After shameful defeat and surrender in 1970 war, Bhutto was invited by security establishment to take reign of power and Bhutto elected as first civilian chief marshal ZAB inked Simla accord with Indra Gandhi and released ninety thousands war prisoners .After independence of country from British Raj , Zulifqar Ali Bhutto was first powerful civilian leader who with consensus gave 1973 constitution and in cold war era after Pakistani army defeat in 1970 war , ZAB had decided to protect to protect boundaries of Pakistan and decided to make nuclear bomb as a deterrence against hostile neighbor giant power India to ensure the integrity of Pakistan from foreign aggression .
Bhutto redesigned Pakistan foreign policy and he had maintained cordial relation with neighbor countries, NAM countries and sole super powers United State, USSR and also with Arab world.
Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto in cold war era emerged as third world country leader who not only strengthen demoralized army and during his regime Pakistan decided to make nuclear bomb with financial support of Arab nationalist leader of Libya late Muammar Gaddafi .Former PM during his regime brought major changes and introduced land reform but never implemented in its real sprit to end primitive mode of feudalism in Pakistan and factories, schools and insurance companies and shipping companies nationalized.
Political pundits and historian termed late ZAB Bhutto egoistic and shrewd politician who had toppled NAP government in Balochistan and paved way for military intervention in Balochistan.
He imprisoned his political opponents and refused to pay deaf hear of his own party committed socialist leaders who wanted to bring genuine reform in state. Political scientists made responsible ZAB for Afghanistan Jihad inviting and trained Afghan Islamic party leaders Ahmed Shah Masooad, Gulbdian Hakmatyar to counter Pakhtoons nationalism in the province. Bhutto party loyalist and supported refuted historian claim and argued that after East Pakistan debacle Bhutto wanted to use as a bargaining diplomatic chip against Daud Khan Afghan ruler to end dispute of Durand Line with hostile Afghanistan.
According to Dr Farhan Hanif Siddqui, in Balochistan Marxist nationalist leaders who were inspired from socialism during cold war era and former chief minister Attullah Mengal and former governor of Balochistan late Mir Ghouas Bakash Bazenjo introduced genuine land reforms in Balochistan.
It was blunder of Bhutto regimes dethroned elected government of NAP in Balochistan and imprisoned his political opponents and failed to implement Land reform in the country.
According to Sindhi Marxist historian late Dr Feroaz Ahmed, Bhutto was not a revolutionary leader but when first time poor masses who daily insulted by feudal lords, sardars and businessmen when Bhutto imprisoned their same class leaders and their sons and daughters and wives, poor people excited and first time in political history of country a ruling class autocrat leaders insulted his own class who daily insulted and imprisoned poor peasantry and labour class.
Tariq Ali son of famous Marxist journalist son of Mazhar Ali in his book The Duel Pakistan on the flight path of American power wrote that on one occasion in Larkana home town of Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto peasants leaders and activists met with Bhutto and for an hour they reminded about the promises he had made and not kept and how PPP landlords leaders were not interested in implementing any reform. Late PM heard them out and then asked, “Now tell me this and be completely honest. Can you think of any other PM who would have met you and sat quietly listening to your complaints?. During cold war era and due to his anti imperial stance late Bhutto regime was toppled by military dictator. According to Tariq Ali military coups in Pakistan are rarely , if ever organized without the tacit or explicit approval of the United State . Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto treachery on nuclear issue was the principal reason why the United State gave green light of his removal. According to late Dr Feroaz Ahmed, despite PPP during ZAB regime did not bring major structural reform to empower poor people of the country, poor people loved Bhutto and in 1977 election PPP would easily win election. Military dictator after toppling elected PM government he was scared from Bhutto popularity and reluctant to hang him.
In 984 after execution of Bhutto Sindh was epicenter of Movement of Restoration for Democracy and late military dictator crushed political movements with iron fist. Notorious military dictator to weaken political movements met with late GM Syed hardliner Sindh nationalist leader who in pre partition was founding member of Muslim leagued but later made difference with Jinnah and during MRD when Sindhis in rural areas of the country lashed and imprisoned in jails great leader of sub-continent GM Syed had supported Zia-ul-Haq.
Rossal Bakash Palejo and Fazal Raho, Jam Saqi left inclination Sindhi leaders supported MRD movement and united and led movement in each nook and corner of rural Sindh.
According to late Dr Feroaz Ahmed In cold war era when Bengali got freedom from west Pakistani powerful elites , Sindhi middle class especially young student university leaders too much inspired from Bengali nationalist movement and under leadership of GM Syed united for liberation of Sindh.
Sindhi ethnic background late ZAB who was a true Pakistani nationalist leaders offered jobs and other privileges to those student leaders who inspired from GM Syed ideology and mostly got jobs and privileges and say goodbye to late GM Syed .
Late Dr Feroaz Ahmed said that anti personal Bhutto enmity with sardars, feudal lords and businessmen and clergy class whom Bhutto imprisoned and insulted compelled military dictator Zia-ul-Haq to hang Zulifqar Ali Bhutto. United State supported agitation against Bhutto regime Wali Khan nationalist leader of Pakhtoons, Sindhi feudal lords late Pir Pagaro, Punjabi feudal lords and bourgeoisie class of Urdu speaking and clergy class joined hands with security establishment led by notorious military dictator Zia-ul-Haq.
Former military dictator who was darling of United State and western block during cold war era in Nebraska university curriculum of religious seminaries of Pakistan drafted and United States poured dollars and extremists Islamic ideology incorporated in at state level in Pakistan to fight with godless Russian empire in Afghanistan and suppressed voices of democratic forces and imprisoned PPP slain chairperson Benazir Bhutto Shaheed and her mother Nusrat Bhutto.
According to former ISI head Hameed Gul it was MRD movement pressure which compelled military ruler Zia-ul-Haq to announce election on non party basis and to please Sindhi masses another Sindhi ethnic background PM who was follower (Mureed) of Late Pir Pagaro Mohammad Khan Junejo elected as a prime minister in result of non party basis election.
After Post partition and one united regime of Ayub it was first political movements of Sindhis in which Sindhi educated middle class, peasant’s class and feudal class like late Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi and leftist inclination Sindhi leaders fought bravely against military dictator.
Zia had adopted dual policy to contain MRD movement influence in urban centers and MRD was popular in urban city Karachi among leftist class and Zia after weaken PPP strength coined MQM and also sought support of anti Bhutto elements and late GM Syed and other Sindhi famous feudal lords.
When last general of communist party, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev brought reform in Russian empire and decided to pull out their forces from Afghanistan, late PM Junejo inked Geneva accord.
Despite a weak civilian PM Junejo not only invited PP slain chairperson Benazir Bhutto in round table conference to seek political support for Geneva accords and other political parties leaders to end war in Afghanistan .
Late Junejo not only curtailed military budgets but defied military dictator on foreign policy issues and later he was dethroned by military dictator Zia-ul-Haq.
End of cold war era Zia was died in mysterious crash in Bahawalpur and his death paved a way for general election in the country. According to former ISI head Hameed Gul it was decided by security establishment to support Nawaz Sharif to counter PPP led by late Benazir Bhutto.
PPP slain chairperson to get power comprised with powerful security establishment of the country and after passage of two years PPP slain government was dissolved by President Ghulam Ishak Khan a former bureaucrat from Pathan ethnic background on corruption charges especially because of her spouse Asif Ali Zardari.
PPP slain chairperson refuted charges and argued that her government was dissolved because she wanted to formulate an independence foreign policy towards its neighbors India and Afghanistan and her stance and invitation to late Indian late PM Rajeev Ghandi irked power establishment of country .
In 1993 PPP came into power again and PPP slain chairperson was elected Prime minister and after passage of three year, and after tragic assassination of her brother Shaheed Mir Murtaza Bhutto, her own elected President from party Farooaq Leghari dissolved PPP government on charges of corruption and extra judicial killing took place during her regime in Karachi. PPP slain chairperson refuted allegations and accused on anti democratic forces were involved in killing of her brother in clod blooded assassination outsider his residence.
Fatima Bhutto, niece of former PPP slain chairperson Benazir Bhutto and daughter of late Shaheed Murtaza Bhutto alleged that her aunt spouse was involved in her assassination but PPP Shaheed chairperson defended her spouse Asif Ali Zardari and charged that remnants of Zia involved in assassination of late Mir Murtaza Bhutto .
Her spouse after dethroned of her government imprisoned in jail on charges of corruption and murders framed against her and spouse during regime of former PM Nawaz Sharif. Nawaz Sharif established accountability bureau under Saif-ur-Redman and political pundits criticized on PML (N) leader accountability procedure to victimize political opponents.
Late PPP chairperson preferred self exile and from London run party affairs till she inked deal with military dictator Perveiaz Musharraf who in a military coup captured power and remained a powerful military ruler after , 9/11 events which shook the world , first time in history of United State after her independence attacked by non state actors on her soil .
After living in exile PPP slain chairperson Benazir Bhutto with support of United State and British and United Arab Emirates inked deal with Pakistani security establishment when she realized that lawyer’s movements weaken military dictator Perveiaz Musharraf rule. PPP slain chairperson who was extremely bold and wanted to lead party in election announced by military dictator.
Her welcome after self exile not only shaken Perveiaz Musharraf but also her critics, thousands of thousands people especially from interior Sindh gathered on 18th October 2007 despite more than 300 hundred party workers of PPP martyred in a suicide attacked on PPP chairperson Benazir Bhutto .
She was emerged a true leader who not only exposed military dictator holding rallies in NWFP , in rural areas of Sindh , Quetta and she openly challenged religious extremists and military dictator Perveiaz Musharraf .
On December 2007 after end of addressing party rally, she was assassinated and its tragic history of Bhutto family that her father hanged, brothers were assassinated and her assassination resulted end of Bhutto dynasty from political landscape of Pakistan .
Her spouse Asif Ali Zardari who during military dictator Perveiaz Musharraf era inked deal with him and gone to abroad and released from jail, after her assassination PPP leadership had gone into hands of Zardari family.
Asif Ali Zardari after end of Bhutto legacy nominated his son Bilawal Bhutto Zardari as a party chairman according to will of her slain wife Shaheed Benazir Bhutto and elected himself as a party co-chairman . Benazir Bhutto death not only deprived party from charismatic and bold leader but sitting PPP leaders despite remaining in power facing crisis how to get support of masses especially in strong fort of PPP in interior Sindh in upcoming election .
One can difference with Sindhi feudal princes Shaheed Benazir Bhutto and Pakistan People Party founder Zulifqar Ali Bhutto and their policies but her worst enemies and party workers remembered them due to their love with masses especially poor rural areas of Sindh.
Non Sindhi academicians, termed PPP founder leader ZAB and her daughter Benazir Bhutto champions and defenders of rights of Sindhis ethnic nation in Pakistani federation whom both with their political wisdom created Sindhi middle class and guaranteed their rights in Pakistani state which ruled by other ethnic groups especially , Punjabis , Urdu Speaking and Pashutan and empowered them .
Today after four years rule in country by PPP led government under accidental party co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari and unwise decision taken unilaterally without taking senior leaders of party and passed controversial Sindh local Government Ordinance 2012 and badly failed to bring drastic change in strong PPP fort in interior Sindh. Party vote bank and popularity jolted and history would tell PPP accidental leadership that Bhutto’s are still alive mind and heart of Sindhi masses because of their matchless loved with poor masses and never sold their strong fort voters interests but always protected their interests.
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